The story begins in 1531 in a village in Mexico called Tolpetlac. Juan Diego was walking to the neighboring town to attend mass, just as he had faithfully attended each Saturday and Sunday since he had been converted to catholicism by the spaniards. He walked alone, passing by the old pyramids of the Aztecs who were now only memories for him. Suddenly, he heard beautiful music, like songbirds singing. Looking around confused, he caught a glimpse of a bright light on top of Tepeyac hill. He followed it, and realized that the light was a bright white cloud and a beautiful rainbow. He heard a voice calling to him, "Juanito, Juan Diegito." She spoke to him in his native Nahuatl language - a language that had more deep meaning to him than the Spanish that he had been forced to learn. He climbed to the top of the hill to see who was calling his name. He called her, "a most beautiful lady." She told him that she wanted a church raised in that spot, and in return she would show her compassion for the natives. It would be a place where she could console all of her suffering children. Juan Diego set off to go tell the Bishop what he had seen, but he was not believed. He returned to the hill and told the Virgin that the Bishop did not believe him. She sent with the Indian a bouquet of flowers which he carried in his cloak. Left on his cloak was a full length colored portrait of herself, just as Juan Diego had seen her. The cloak was proof of the Virgin's appearance to Juan Diego. It can still be seen today in Mexico City.
The Celebration for the Virgin of Guadalupe is held on the 12th of December. Between the 1st and 12th of December, peregrinaciones are held in her honor. Groups from all around town, either churches, neighborhoods, or companies prepare a peregrinacion and walk together on the peregrinacion route. The peregrinacion begins with a large picture of the Virgin, either carried or displayed on top of a car. Next, there are the dancers. The dances originated from the Aztec traditions. After the spaniards had come to Mexico, the natives were stripped of their identities. Their belief systems, traditions, and language had all been taken away from them. Juan Diego presented them with a new sort of hope from the Virgin of Guadalupe, who would be like their mother figure in their new lives. And they thought, "What can we offer to her?" They had nothing left, but they had their dances. They offered them to her as a thank you for her compassion. Today, there are two types of dances. The first is the danza azteca. The dancers wear bright costumes with huge head pieces. There is a drummer that wheels the drums on a cart behind the dancers to keep the beat. The second is the danza are called the danzas matlachines. The costumes for these are either red, green, or blue. The drum is carried in the back and the dance is made of up complicated steps. The dancers also carry a maraca and a bow, which at the end is pointed in the four cardinal directions. Finally, at the end of the peregrinacion is a group of people walking, carrying candles and sometimes praying the rosary.
These two pictures are pictures of the Azteca danzas during processions through downtown Torreón.
These are some of the Matlachine dancers during the processions downtown. The youngest dancers was no older than six!
During the peregrinacion for Colegio Inglés, one girl student is selected to represent the Virgin de Guadalupe, and one boy student is selected to represent Juan Diego. They ride on the back of a truck through the entire procession, and stand in front of the church during the mass that follows.
These are the dancers from the school that danced Matlachine during our peregrinacion. Girls from preprimaria through secundaria danced, and some of their mothers came too. During mass, the dancers sat up front and lined the isles. After the sermon, they danced around the entire church. They were the last to enter the church and the first to proceed out. It was quite impressive.
This is the poster of the Virgin that our class made together for the peregrinacion!
We walked behind the dancers through the procession. The procession ended at a church where we had a special mass for the Virgin of Guadalupe. The procession had to be held inside a closed neighborhood for the safety of the kids.
The flag of Mexico is carried by a selected group of girls. They practice for months and compete in flag salute competitions.
The flag is held during the entire mass. Throughout mass, the girls switch places in a specific way that they practice. They must be standing perfectly still the entire time.